Is the atonement cosmic child-abuse?
Some people strongly denounce the Penal Substitutionary Model of Atonement. One such person is Steve Chalke. He says, “…Penal substitution is tantamount to “child abuse—a vengeful Father punishing his Son
What is Penal Substitution Atonement?
It is often alleged that a Penal Substitutionary model of the Atonement (PSA) is convoluted and wrong-headed. Its critics allege “the scripture does not tell us of an angry retributive
Was Penal Substitution Invented in the Reformation?
It is suggested by some theologians that the idea of a God who requires satisfaction for sin was invented in the feudal times of the Reformation (1515-1555). For any crime